Historical and geological formation of Cappadocia

Cappadocia region, where nature and history of the world is getting all the best. Geo Peribacaları'nı creating events, history in the process, people, this peribacalarının houses within the church that was decorated with frescoes by them, the traces of thousands of years old civilization is moving today. Paleolithic period of human settlement history goes back to the writing of Cappadocia begins Hitit'lerle. Throughout history, countries that trade between the colony contains a hyperlink to the commercial and social Cappadocia, an important crossroads of the Silk Road.

BC XII. century in the collapse of the Hittite Empire, a period of darkness begins. During this period, with the late Assyrian and Hittite King Frig effects on the region would be dominant. BC VI of this Kingdom. century will continue until the Persian invasion. Today the name of Cappadocia, the Persian language, "Beautiful Horses of the country" means. Alexander the Great defeated the Persians in 332 BC is the defeat, but a great resistance in Cappadocia encounter. The Kingdom of Cappadocia is set in this period. BC III. Yy. towards the end of Roman power and begins to be felt in the region BC I. yy towards the middle of the king of Cappadocia, with the power of Roman general is appointed and is in the throne. MS 17 years died, the last king of Cappadocia, the region is also a state of Rome.

MS III. income and region for the Christians in Cappadocia yy'da they will become the center of education and ideas. Between 303-308 years of Christians firmly applied pressure increases. However, to avoid pressure and Cappadocia an ideal place to spread the Christian teachings. Deep valleys and soft volcanic rock shelters of the vote against Roman soldiers will create a secure area.

IV. yy'da then the father of Cappadocia "was known as the people see the birth of Cappadocia. But the importance of the region, III. Leon's has reached its zenith with the İkonaları ban. In the face of this situation, some people pro-Icons region began to asylum. It took more than hundred years İkonoklasm movement (726-843). In this period of several Cappadocian churches were under the influence İkonoklasm the icon with the side of those who worship here have continued. Major development in this era of Cappadocia monastery provided.

However, in this period, the Christians of Anatolia to Cappadocia region from Armenia to the Arab invasion began. This influx of people escaping from the region to change the style of churches in the region caused. XI. And XII. centuries have passed into the hands of the Seljuk Cappadocia. Follow this and it has gone through a period of smooth regions in the Ottoman time. Christians in the region last year in 1924-26 with the exchange, leaving behind good architectural examples left in Cappadocia.

Tatlarini-Nevşehir

60 million years ago, 3rd Taurus increase in geological era. The Anatolian Plateau to the north of the volcano activity was not compressed. Erciyes, Hasandağı and between two of the remaining Göllüdağ region of lava was spraying. Plato on the accumulated ashes formed a soft tufa layer. Tuff layer of the top of their hard basalt was covered with a thin lava layer. Bazalt was divided into pieces and burst. Of the soft tufa rains seep from cracks began to fray. Warm and cool air with the wind joined the formation. Thus, the hard hats from the basaltic rocks were formed cones. These different and interesting shaped rocks a name worthy to people: "Fairy chimney".

Not mask the erosion of basalt tuff plate was converted to the valley. Interestingly shaped canyons occurred. Later, human hand, and the sense of effort was put to work. Nine-ten thousand before the church belongs to the placement of the first Christians carved into the rock, the largest and safest place in six cities to a great civilization was created a long period. Region today has great significance in terms of tourism.

Avanos, Urgup, Goreme, Akvadi, Uchisar and Ortahisar Castles, El Nazar Church, Aynalı Church Güvercinlik Valley, Derinkuyu underground cities, Ihlara Valley, Selime Village, Çavuşin, Güllüdere Valley, Paşabağ-Zelve certain to be seen carved yerlerdir.Kayalara traditional Guvercinlik homes and originality of the Cappadocia region are expressed. The houses in the nineteenth century to the slopes or rocks or cut stone are built. The stone material is the only architect of the region's volcanic structure due to the region after going to the quarry is soft, but the air in contact with can be very relaxed after working hard building material grows becomes very.The material is abundant and easy to work due to the region has developed with the architectural stonework became a tradition. Material of the timber yard and the house door is needed. Made as at the top of the arched doors are decorated with a stylized ivy or rosette motifs. Guvercinlik 19th in the area century's end, 18 century were made in small structures. Islam is important in terms of painting to show a portion of the loft are constructed as monastery or church. Of the surface by Güvercinlik rich decorations of local artists, were decorated with inscriptions.

Region is famous for wine and grape cultivation.

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Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Külliyesi (PBS Home): The Mosque, the old Turkish court observed in a three-yard layout has. The functions of the units have Külliye proper were placed around the yard. Each is considered a unit for the function. Bektaşilik for [w] terminology [w] d these units "mihman home, at home, bread house" in the form are called. Found in different works for each of the first yard Avlusu'dur Nadar.classical architectural style that reflects the Ottoman uray fork is inserted in the door. Mosque, which is one of the important work in the yard of Fountain Üçler. The second courtyard, the courtyard of Dergah provided input from Üçler Doors (Avulusu Square) stop. The fountain with the lion in the yard, guesthouse, houses and mosques are exceeded. Square is located in the middle of the courtyard Avulusu. The third courtyard, entered from six Hazreti Doors Avulusu (courtyard of peace) is the unit dur.Külliyenin most important in terms of sacredness. The third most important buildings of the yard by Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Kızılca XIV.yüzyılda that is done Halvet (Çilehane) dir.The other works in the courtyard Hazreti Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli's tomb, Guvenc Kümbet of Abdal, Resul Kümbet of Bali, Kırklar Square and Honey Kümbeti'dir Sultan. Honey by Ali Sultan Kümbet 1519'da was built in Şehsuvaroğlu. The tradition continues Kümbet Selçuklu last example of this kind is Anadolu'da Kümbet. Variety of other structures within the Mosque of Sultan by Ottoman added. In 1925 decided to close of the monopolies and the zaviye, Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli Külliyesi closed within the work was moved to Ankara Ethnography Museum.Launched in 1958, followed by restoration work Külliye in 1964 was converted into the National Museum. Moved back to Ankara by bringing the work began to be exhibited here. Bektaş Efendi Tomb: death in 1603 from the inscription on the agreed-to a shrine Bektaş-ı Veli Efendi. Section and the Introduction of sanduka consists of two parts to my daughter.

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Bath: A restoration in 1943 was spent. Currently used. Library; 18.yüzyılda the needs of a theological school in the karşıyalacak equipment. Damat İbrahim Paşa, ANTIQUARIAT buy from Europe to prevent the transmission of the manuscripts in the library kaydettirmiştir.Türkiye of valuable manuscripts are not available any other place today at the National Library and Museum in Istanbul, Turkish Islam is under protection. Compression works on Damat İbrahim Paşa Library.

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Medresesi: Mosque in the library today is used as a madrasah. Writing is a rich library of works. Total more than 9 thousand of writing included in the collection of personally Damat Ibrahim Pasha, the book presents the next 187 volumes, 3 oversized Koran, miniatures and "Külliyatı Sadi and Hafez Osman Line-i Şerif a''Healing''is located. When given an important lesson of the famous educational institutions müderislerinin the date of construction of the madrasah 1726'dır.

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Damat İbrapim Pasha Mosque Complex: XVIII.yüzyılda is made by the groom İbrahimpaşa Külliye mosques, madrasas, libraries, public baths, İmaret (soup kitchen), a structure consisting of a collection of school is sübyan. Completed between 1718-1730 and with the different functions of buildings, the city has a lively culture into space. Sometimes to the extent of the topography permit sometimes different angles according to the symmetrical layout, the structure in place most importantly, a very large segment in the middle of the courtyard outside the mosque Kurşunlu.

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Nevşehir Castle: It was built in the Seljuk period, by the groom İbrahimpaşa towers and towers have been restored with solid. Southwest of the city was built on a high hill with a castle, with towers have been supported. A defense plant that dominates the plain of the body of the castle walls with roughly cut stone has a really neat braids. Guards were reinforced with the restoration team.

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climate features

Nevşehir, summers are hot and dry, winters cold and snowy that has a typical continental climate. Between the years 1980-1997 in the province of the measurements obtained by the information value of the average temperature is 10.6 degrees. The freezing season in Nevşehir (temperature drops to below zero degrees) the beginning, the earliest 24 September, no later than December 1 and October 26 have been identified as the average. Don season's end date, the earliest 28 March, no later than May 15 and April 14 is the average.

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Özkonak Underground City, which is one of the Cappadocia region of the underground city was found in 1972 Özkonak. As with the other underground cities Özkonak'da of the winery, food warehouses, animal shelters are available. Most of the tourists coming to Cappadocia is one of the places of interest.

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Kaymakli Underground City; Nevşehir city center 20 km south of the village Kaymakli. 7 floors of the underground city of thousands of Kaymakli person can live a long time has been carved in the volcanic rocks. Dozens of rooms connected by tunnels to other underground cities Kaymakli stores, winery and ventilation shafts, water tanks, church and grave locations are available. Connecting rooms in some parts of the tunnel could come from outside threats to shut down the tunnel for the stones are large cylinder. Six cities in other places such as Cappadocia, Roman soldiers who escaped from the first printing was done by Christians.

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Underground cities, undoubtedly the most interesting features of the Cappadocia region in the host are the underground cities. So far around 40 have been detected in the underground city, one of the only six of them were opened to visitors. Cappadocia region of the first residents of wild animal attacks and hard to get rid of the winter conditions to get rid of soft volcanic rock into a deep hollow had opened, then need to log in to the cavities have expanded, opening new cavities and hollows of this maze of tunnels and connecting with the underground cities oluşturmuşlardır.Underground cities and then escape from persecution by the Roman soldiers for the first Christians were hiding place, both when all can live in the city and people live to be extended until all the necessary hardware is added. In the absence of any danger in danger yerüstünde people were stored in underground cities. So then the whole house with a tunnel to the underground cities were connected. All underground city of Cappadocia in 80 meters depth, location of where to find and reach the ground water is the ventilation shafts.These chimneys and ventilation as well as to meet water needs were opened. Warm winters, cool summers in the kitchens in the city, mews, winery, churches, grain warehouses, meeting rooms, toilets, hence the need to live lives of all kinds are available. All that may come from outside the city in danger of opening and closing can be locked only from inside the stone, the oldest written source about vardır.Yeraltı cities Xenophon'un Anabasis (B.C 4) is his book. The book, the homes of the people who lived in Anatolia, and home of the vote to be connected with each other, the passage is talking about.

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Derinkuyu; 30 km south of Nevşehir, Nevşehir-Niğde road is over. Etiler means the period of difficult living Melagobia (Malakopi) the name of very old data are based on the history of the county Derinkuyu. In many cities in the district and the underground church are available. Like all the underground cities in Cappadocia region of the first Christians were hiding place. Different periods of history in the wars in the region are used for hiding and shelter. The seven-storey and 85 feet deep in the underground city Derinkuyu a city that could accommodate thousands of people in size. In food stores, kitchens, mews, church, winery, ventilation shafts, water wells and a missionary school is located.

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Uchisar, Nevsehir-Goreme road is over. Area's highest point, the oldest settlement in Uçhisar'da when the start is unknown. Highlights of the Uchisar castle area of course is the point of the panoramic. Large number of rooms in the castle where the ladders, tunnels and corridors are connected with each other. Input / output control of the Gold Room at the entrance to the sliding piece has to get hurt. Castle and the surrounding slopes and many peribacalarına and was built columbarium. Communication with other settlements in the Cappadocia region pigeons were used.

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Ortahisar; Nevsehir Urgup on the road, 6 kilometers away from Urgup. The most prominent structures carved Etiler time, 86 m in height Kalesi'dir Ortahisar. Kale is used for both strategic as well as placement. Castle on the slopes of the characteristics of Cappadocia are examples of civil architecture. Moreover, almost all of the slopes of the valley carved in the rock store is stored locally grown agricultural products. Natural beauty and historical features is an attractive town. Kavak, Ibrahim Pasha, and the tea Ortahisar'ın Valley Dam in the valley reaches yeraldığı.If this valley tea near the Dam is the name of the stirrup deresi. Natural features, drinking water, mineral water, which is a place. In the middle of a giant fairy chimneys Ortahisar'ın a castle that is. This castle is compiled from foreigners castle. It is hollow inside. Rooms and halls are. Moreover, in many churches around the town are available. Printing houses in the castle tower to the Middle digit increases. Natural beauty of the old historical buildings and interesting churches citrus warehouses near Göreme rock show create enables the demand of tourists.Monasteries and churches in the valley Ortahisar are extremely interesting. These Sarıca Church, Church of Cambaz, Tavsanli Church, Balkan Deresi Churches, Hallaç Dereler monastery. Ethnographic Museum of Cappadocia described Ortahisar'da of life was opened.

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Aksaray province in the valley to the mountains again Melendiz born of the volcanic rocks Melendiz tea with corrosive Ihlara valley approximately 150 meters in depth was formed. Irrigation facilities due to the wealth and create a nook hidden due to ease of the first Christian Roman soldiers fleeing from the area was settled. Volcanic rocks in the valley Ihlara carved in the ancient church has hundreds. Cappadocia's most important churches in the valley at this again. Cross planned Ağaçaltı Church, Church Sümbüllü, Pürenliseki Church, Kokar Church Yılanlı Church, Karagedik Church, Kırkdamaltı Church, Direkli Church, Ala Church, arches, church, churches are the most common Eğritaş Church.

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Zelve; Cappadocia region, which is one of the most important settlements Zelve, Ürgüp'den is on the Göreme-Avanos road. 5 km from Avanos, Paşabağlarına 1 km. Zelve away, Aktepe'nin steep slopes and in the north was established. Three of the valley Zelve Ruins, is the most intense peribacalarının in Cappadocia, was formed in volcanic tuff contains many peribacaları.In the valley and the large body peribacaları is cuspidal. Also in volcanic tuff, the first Christian Roman soldiers escaping by hiding in residential areas there are many purposes. This settlement is possible in many monasteries and churches. In the bottom of the slope Direkli Church, Zelve belong to the first year of life in the monastery.Preferred in the relief decoration of the church cross before issued more ikonoklastik Term Balıklı, Üzümlü, and with the Church of Deer Valley is an important church. Monasteries and churches of any other settlement in the valley, the tunnel opening to the two valleys, mills, and mosques are Guvercinlik.

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Avanos, Cappadocia region, which is one of the major settlements of Avanos, Nevsehir 18 km north of the center, was founded in Kızılırmak coast. Venessa'dır name in ancient times. The most important feature of the region's soil test, pot, pot is the production. Ongoing since the Hittite period pottery is still traditional in the state continue.Near the town of Avanos Yellow archaeological excavations in Mound Zank Old Bronze Age from the late Roman Period 'ruins belonging to the different cultures were revealed. Sarihan 5 km away from Avanos, is one of the most beautiful examples of classical Seljuk architecture. Today it is used as a place of tourism in Sarihan are held every night of the Mevlevi ayin.

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Goreme, Cappadocia region of the most eye-catching Göreme'dedir fairy chimneys. Old names in my Koran, the Maccan Göreme Nevşehir Matiana and 10 km away from the city center. Volcanic rocks of the valley, the natural factors that emerged with the rock abrasion on the fairy chimneys and historical riches, is famous for. Roman soldiers came to Cappadocia to escape from the pressures of the first Christians with intensive migration has become an important religious places.Easily hidden from public-run printing in the volcanic rocks in the valley many monasteries, churches and home made. Today, with open-air museum Göremede Elmali church, St. Barbara Church, Çarıklı Church Tokalı Church and the Church are reserved. Scenes from the life of the Church of Christ, the Bible says the depiction of the saint, St. Barbara and St. Georgius'un pictures are available.

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Ürgüp; 20 km east of Nevsehir province known as the hill of hope founded on the slopes of the hill as the first settlement areas of Cappadocia is Urgup. In the Byzantine period Osiana, Hagios, Prokopios, dönemdinde Başhisar Seljuk, Ottoman period, is named as the Burgut Castle. Since the early years of the Republic of the Ürgüp. Urgup, Cappadocia region was the bishopric center. Ürgüp, a village with a reputation Ortahisardaki Üzümlü Church, Cambaz with the Church, and the oldest stone church in the region are Sarıca Church.Also worth seeing Tavsanli Churches are places of the church and St. Basileious. Cave hotels, wine, and hand woven carpets are very famous Urgup, Cappadocia region is the most important tourism center. Old cave houses in the historical tissue damage have been brought to the state of the hotel is a tourist cave. Cave hotels, as well as some caves discos, bars and entertainment places such as converted.

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